Python Macos Catalina

Intro¶

  1. Macos Catalina Python 3.7
  2. Python Mac Os Catalina Update
  3. Python Version Macos Catalina
  4. Anaconda Python Macos Catalina
Python Macos Catalina

Using and developing with Python on MacOS sometimes may be frustrating...

  • Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python on any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such as the IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out. Getting and Installing MacPython ¶. Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple.
  • Python - Mac OS Catalina에서 모든`pip` 패키지 제거. $ python -m pip list DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020.

There are a couple options when we think about common installation patterns for applications on macOS. Use Python 3 as the macOS default. Python's website has a macOS Python 3 installer we can download and use. If we use the package installation, a python3 fill will be available in /usr/local/bin/.

The reason for that is that MacOS uses Python 2 for its core system with pip as a package manager. When Xcode Command Line Tools are installed Python 3 and pip3 package manager will be available at the cli. When using Python2, Python3 and their package managers this way, all the packages will be installed at the system level and my effect the native packages and their dependences , this can break or lead to unwanted bugs in OS.

The right way to use python at MacOS is to use Virtual Environments for python. This way all the system related versions of python and their packages won't be affected and use by you.

Installing and configuring pyenv, pyenv-virtualenv¶

In order to use pyenv, pyenv-virtualenv without conflicting with the native MacOS python we need to add some configuration to our ~/.zshrc config (for mac os catalina) or your bash config if you are still using bash.

It's very imported to maintain the order of the configuration for the loading order

  • First of all we need to include your Executable Paths. In the example we added all the common paths, including the paths for pyenv, pyenv-virtualenv. If you have any other path that you use, you can add them at the same line or create a new line below this one.
  • Second to Executable Paths we will add two if statements that will check if the pyenv,pyenv-virtualenv are installed, if they are it will load them. If they aren't and you are using the same zsh or bash config it will ignore loading them
  • Third is a fix for brew, brew doctor. When using this method it may conflict with brew as it uses python as well. If you run run brew doctor without the fix, it will show config warnings related to the python configuration files.

Configuration for ~/.zshrc or ~/.zprofile

After you saved your configuration the best way to load it is to close your terminal session and open it again. This will load the session with your updated configuration. There should be no errors at the new session.

This will install both pyenv and pyenv-virtualenv

Test if pyenv loaded currently

After the installation we would like to set a system level python version, you can chose the default from the list available from the pyenv

List available Python Version and find the version suited for your needs:

Install Requeued Python Version (Exmaple version 3.9.5) as a default system

Set it as global

You can install multiply versions of python at the same time.

List all installed python versions and virtual environments and their python versions

Now let's test our system Python version we set before, it should be the version you choose as Global before

So far we cleaned your system and installed and configured pyenv, pyenv-virtualenv.

How to use pyenv-virtualenv¶

Now let's understand how to use Python Virtual Environment with pyenv-virtualenv

Full documentation can be found at the original repo at git hub: pyenv-virtualenv github

We will list here some basic examples for a quick start and basic understanding

To create a virtualenv for the Python version used with pyenv, run pyenv virtualenv, specifying the Python version you want and the name of the virtualenv directory. For example,

Python Macos Catalina

This will create a virtualenv based on Python 3.9.5 under $(pyenv root)/versions in a folder called my-project-name

Activating virtualenv automatically for project

The best way we found to activate the virtualenv at your project is to link the projects directory to the virtualenv.

cd to the project's directory and link the virtualenv for example my-project-name virtualenv

This will activate the linked virtualenv every time you cd to this directory automatically From now you can use pip to install any packages you need for your project, the location of the installed packages will be at $(pyenv root)/versions/

Activating virtualenv manually for project

You can also activate and deactivate a pyenv virtualenv manually:

This will alow you to use multiply versions of python or packages for the same project

List existing virtualenvs

Delete existing virtualenv

Macos

or

Macos Catalina Python 3.7

You and your MacOS should be ready for using python the right way without conflicting any system or Xcode Command Line Tools (used by brew)

Comments

Author

Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python onany other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such asthe IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.

4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython¶

Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, youare invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Pythonwebsite (https://www.python.org). A current “universal binary” build of Python,which runs natively on the Mac’s new Intel and legacy PPC CPU’s, is availablethere.

What you get after installing is a number of things:

  • A Python3.9 folder in your Applications folder. In hereyou find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of officialPython distributions; and PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Pythonscripts from the Finder.

  • A framework /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework, which includes thePython executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shellpath. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. Asymlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.

The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework and /usr/bin/python,respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they areApple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember thatif you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will havetwo different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it willbe important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.

Macos catalina python 3.7

IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If youare completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introductionin that document.

If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read thesection on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.

4.1.1. How to run a Python script¶

Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLEintegrated development environment, see section The IDE and use the Help menuwhen the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or fromthe Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with anumber of standard Unix command line editors, vim andemacs among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,BBEdit or TextWrangler from Bare Bones Software (seehttp://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as isTextMate (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors includeGvim (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and Aquamacs(http://aquamacs.org/).

To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that/usr/local/bin is in your shell search path.

To run your script from the Finder you have two options:

  • Drag it to PythonLauncher

  • Select PythonLauncher as the default application to open yourscript (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.PythonLauncher has various preferences to control how your script islaunched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or useits Preferences menu to change things globally.

4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI¶

With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to beaware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use pythonwinstead of python to start such scripts.

With Python 3.9, you can use either python or pythonw.

4.1.3. Configuration¶

Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such asPYTHONPATH, but setting these variables for programs started from theFinder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your .profile or.cshrc at startup. You need to create a file~/.MacOSX/environment.plist. See Apple’s Technical Document QA1067 fordetails.

For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see sectionInstalling Additional Python Packages.

4.2. The IDE¶

MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A goodintroduction to using IDLE can be found athttp://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.

4.3. Installing Additional Python Packages¶

There are several methods to install additional Python packages:

  • Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (pythonsetup.pyinstall).

  • Many packages can also be installed via the setuptools extensionor pip wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.

Python Mac Os Catalina Update

4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac¶

There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.

PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple’s Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which isthe foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC isavailable from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.

Python Version Macos Catalina

The standard Python GUI toolkit is tkinter, based on the cross-platformTk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OSX by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed fromhttps://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.

wxPython is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively onMac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.

PyQt is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on MacOS X. More information can be found athttps://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.

4.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac¶

The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac ispy2app. More information on installing and using py2app can be foundat http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.

4.6. Other Resources¶

The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users anddevelopers on the Mac:

Anaconda Python Macos Catalina

Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki:

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